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I know I'm making a small and arbitrary point, but there is a difference between 'quantifiable' and 'limited'. Just because something can be counted does not mean there is only a certain amount to count.
Quantifiable means according to the Wikitionary "Something that can be quantified; a measurable." You cannot measure something that has no limits.
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The concept (for want of a better word) of God or any god/deity/supreme power/etc is only a function of faith, or belief in said god. Faith is very difficult to quantify, as it does not provide anything other than a feeling of wellbeing, companionship or guidance and is almost entirely self-sustaining. Most people have a faith in a situation where answers are not readily available, and this faith can (often vaguely, but almost always satisfyingly) explain or give reason to the nature of a given circumstance.
Your argument holds weight if you were talking to a Christian. In Islam, God's function is not of a deity that exists to be worshiped. We see God as the cause & sustainer of existence. Even if nothing worshiped him, it would not lessen his majesty.
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At least, this is the modern faith, where science and religion are often at loggerheads. As a result, the above argument is constantly wheeled out and whored to suit anybody's narrow scientific view. This is wrong - the foundation of the scientific method is to observe with an open mind, without prejudice or predilection (I should point out that I am of the scientific stance, but am outlining this anyway).
Science & faith are not at loggerheads. Science contradicts false notions of God. The open minded approach is encouraged by Islam. My religion does not ask for a blind leap of faith rather it gives rational arguments to support its claims.
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There have been a few posts both ways, regarding the ubiquitous 'impossible infinite chain' argument, in an effort to both prove and disprove the existence of a god and of the big bang. Unfortunately, it is not conclusive in either case: if this first instant - for whichever reason - initiated the universe, then by definition it also marks the beginning of time, which is a finite and impassable boundary. At least, with our technology and wisdom.
Of course time is finite. God is free of time & space in Islam.
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This leads to another point. If we do, somehow, cross the threshold of time, will the findings make a difference? Even if we found out the cause of the birth of the universe, how do we understand whether or not it was determined by a Creator? All we would find is the actual physical incident. Let me clarify with a simple analogy: if we stamp on an anthill, the ants know that the anthill was flattened by a large object coming from above, the impact of which caused it's collapse. They will not understand that we meant to do it, only that it happened.
The Birth of the universe itself is testament to the existence of God. To work with your example, the ants saw a big show coming and destroying the anthill. Now it is only logical to believe that their must be someone who wears a large shoe. Similarly, the universe is created & it is only logical to believe in a Creator.
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A falling tree has a physical (thus quantifiable?) effect on it's surroundings. What physical, demonstrable effect does a god have?
Again, your looking at God from a perspective of faith alone. God is bigger than that. He is the source of existence. The sun revolves because of God's will. Gravity functions with Gods will e.t.c